race

Le Code Noir 1742 before the Haitian Revolution

On the eve of French Revolution, there were nearly 500,000 slaves in St. Domingue. St. Domingue's slave system was very cruel. It is being said that the recalcitrant slaves in rest of the Americas were kept in control by threatening them to be sold to St. Domingue. However, there was still a distinct division among the slaves in St. Domingue. Nearly 100,000 were domestic slaves involved in cooking and art and severed as personal servants. They were generally well treated compared to other field slaves. These domestic slaves were the last to join the slave rebellion.

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Haiti, one of the least culturally diverse countries in the world in 2013

Based on a study done on more than 180 countries, it was concluded that Argentina, Haiti or the isolated Comoros islands off the southeast coast of Africa are the countries least culturally diverse.

On the other hand, countries like Chad and Togo, with more than 37 tribal groups that speak more than 39 languages and where the various groups did not share common culture or history were most culturally diverse.

Argentina, the Comoros, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Rwanda and Uruguay rank as the world's least diverse countries

A caution: Cultural diversity is a different concept than ethnic diversity

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When Nelson Mandela joined the African National Congress and joined forces against the apartheid movement of the ruling party, he actually believed in non-violence. However, later he joined forces with South African Communist Party. It is then that he co-founded the Umkhonto we Sizwe - a militant group. The group was founded in 1961 and was responsible for bombing government targets. Nelson Mandela was once against arrested in 1962 under the convictions of sabotaging government property and for conspiring the overthrowing of the ruling government. In Rivonia Trial, Mandela was sentenced for life imprisonment.

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A descendent of free slaves in the United States, Reverend James Theodore Holly was baptized and confirmed as Roman Catholic, but left and joined the Episcopal Church in 1851.
He sees the newly independent Caribbean Island of Haiti as an opportunity for blacks to bind together and establish a Black nation in the Western world.

During various governments, he traveled to Haiti in order to negotiate an emigration treaty with the country. Holly later requested from the Board of Missions of the Episcopal Church to be sent to Haiti to serve as a missionary, but was denied. After serving as consul for Liberia at Port-au-Prince from 1864 to1874, Holly was consecrated missionary bishop to Haiti. He continued to live and work in his adopted nation of Haiti, returning rarely to the United States, until his death in 1911

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Michel Martelly invited to participate in U.S. oldest civil rights organization, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, (NAACP) , convension on 2013 in Orlando, Florida. This year NAACP will mark the 150th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation and also the 50th anniversary of the assassination of Mississippi NAACP leader Medgar Evers.

President Martelly and Sophia Martellly are expected to give remarks during the Convention
The NAACP which is the oldest and largest civil rights organization in the United States was founded in 1909 to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate race-based discrimination.

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Here is a picture of Senator Edwin Zenny Edo . The first Senator of Southeast was unable to control his anger as he spat on judge of Peace in Jacmel, Bob Simonis and Professor Pierre Lucien who participated in a radio show hosted by the journalist Etzer Pierre

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Here is a picture of three Haitian President at the same time, same place: Picture of Dumarsais Estime, Francois Duvalier and Paul Magloire. All three haitian presidents have made history and some how contributed to make Haiti the country we have today.

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What you are looking at is a picture as Brandt led the investigating policemen to the place where the two children were held. The police freed the children and arrested Brandt. as he was accompagned by Police. He was taken into custody for Kidnapping.

According to report, Clifford Brandt took the investigating policemen to the place where the two Moscoso children were held after being kidnapped. The police freed the children but arrested Brandt.

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Here is a picture of former Haitian President Alexandre Petion

His presidency of Haiti from 1806 until his death in 1818. Petion is considered as one of Haiti's founding fathers beside other people such as Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Henri Christophe.

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Antenor Firmin was born on October 18, 1850 in Cap-Haitian. He became a Haitian anthropologist, journalist, and politician. Antenor Firmin believes firmely in the principle that "all men are endowed with the same qualities and the same faults, regardless of color or anatomical form. For him, all races are equal.

His work was recognized by Haitians as well as scholars of Africans as an early work of négritude
His work includes: De l'Égalité des Races Humaines - published 1885, Haïti et la France - published 1891, Une Défense - published 1892, Diplomate et Diplomatie - published 1898 and M. Roosevelt, Président des États-Unis et la République d'Haïti - published 1905

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