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Dutty Boukman (Boukman Dutty), a self-educated Haitian slave born in Jamaica
He was one of the most visible early leaders of the Haitian Revolution who conducted the "Bois Caïman" religious ceremony in which a freedom covenant was affirmed, a catalyst to the slave uprising that marked the beginning of the Haïtian Revolution.
Boukman was killed by the French in November, just a few months after the beginning of the uprising. The French then publicly displayed Boukman's head in an attempt to dispel the aura of invincibility that Boukman had cultivated.

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